Steam generating waste disposal plant. Cost-effective technology with low emissions.
№ 03401.
Amount of recyclable waste: 33.000 tons / year (4.400 kg / hour), Power: 13,5 MW, Steam pressure: 1,2 MPa. Siemens control system.
A variety of solid household and industrial wastes are used as raw materials, including TETRA PACK waste, plastic, wood waste, etc.
The main advantages of production:
1. A wide range of raw materials used and a variety of its compositions.
For example: solid household waste (MSW); final fractions after solid waste disposal; solid regenerated fuel / alternative solid fuel and industrial waste;
2. Low and stable emissions.
The following emissions indicators were achieved in this production:
- Carbon monoxide (CO) - low and stable emissions;
- Nitric oxide (NO) - the average level of emissions is usually 25-35% of the EU limit
- Dioxin- ultra low level as a rule, less than 5% of the EC limit
- Carbon content in slag is low, approx. 1%, guaranteed less than 3% TOC
The operation of technology with such low and stable emission levels is the result of an efficient managed process. Thermal conversion is carried out in two stages:
- Первый етап: Primary chamber, where waste gasification takes place to obtain synthesis gas;
- Second stage: Secondary chamber, where synthetic gas is oxidized at high temperature.
This two-stage flue gas conversion process eliminates the need for a complex and expensive system for cleaning the final gas emissions into the atmosphere.
Table of emissions by production.
The vertical axis shows the emission limits established in the EU (100%), the horizontal axis shows the emissions of the given production for each individual substance.
Scheme of the production process:
1. Hopper for receiving solid waste 2. Screw conveyor
3. Storage hopper for solid waste 4. Gasification and oxidation unit
5. Boiler 6. Steam system
7. Boiler utilization 8. Filtration system
9. Smoke extractor 10. Control system
The main stages of the process:
- Download system.
Waste must be pre-treated before use. Processing includes grinding of waste and magnetic separation of ferrous metals. This can be done both in production and before their delivery to production.
Pre-treated waste (fuel) is stored in the fuel bunker (3). Gas from the gasification chamber is supplied through the fuel bunker through an automatic supply system equipped with taps and valves. Air from the receiver hopper (1) is used as process air for the gasification process. This creates a slight negative pressure in the receiver hopper and eliminates the smell.
- Stage of gasification and oxidation.
Thermal conversion is carried out in two stages. In the first stage, the fuel enters the primary chamber, where the gasification of the waste occurs to obtain synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is transferred to the secondary chamber, where the synthetic gas is oxidized at high temperature. Strict monitoring is carried out at each stage of the process to ensure that emissions are minimized. As a by-product of the process, an ash residue is formed, which is discharged from the primary chamber at the end of the grid.
- Steam production.
Hot combustion gases from the secondary chamber enter the steam generator with heat recovery (heat recovery steam generator - TP). TP consists of a water-tube steam boiler (5), a waste water boiler with flue pipes (7) and an economizer. TP is equipped with system for cleaning of surfaces of heat exchange during work, a tank of a water supply and giving pumps.
- Cleaning and filtration system.
The dry flue gas cleaning system is installed after the Economizer and includes the use of lime and activated carbon. Lime adsorbs acidic components in flue gas, while activated carbon adsorbs dioxins, furans, and heavy metals. Used lime and activated carbon, along with ash dust are separated from the flue gases in the bag filters. Lime and coal are fed from a hopper to store these reagents. The residue on the filter is collected and stored in the filter dust hopper.
- Management and control system.
Emissions are constantly monitored, data is collected and processed, and allows timely adjustment of the process. The system works in automatic mode with minimal human intervention, freeing up personnel for such tasks as maintenance and scheduled preventive maintenance. The control system is also equipped with a separate and independent automatic shutdown system.
The production is equipped with the following systems:
- Energy distribution system;
- Emergency power unit;
- Air system;
- Flue gas recirculation system;
- Compressed air system;
- Hydraulic system;
- Water cooling system;
- Oil cooling system.
Characteristics of some nodes.
Vertical steam block:
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Test pressure: 2,1 MPa
Design pressure: 1,4 MPa
Working pressure: 1,1 MPa
Steam temperature: 198.3 ° C
Incoming temperature from the combustion chamber: 900° C
Unit weight during transportation: 11 kg (without evaporators)
Evaporator weight: 3 x 3700 kg
Length: 3750 mm
Width: 3100 mm
Height: 8000 mm
Boiler:
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Test pressure: 2,1 MPa
Design pressure: 1,4 MPa
Working pressure: 1,1 MPa
Productivity: 6.43 MW
Heating surface: 1169 m2
Weight during transportation: 62 kg
Volume: 36.3 m³
Diameter: 4350 mm
Height: 9400 mm.
Recycler steam collector:
Test pressure: 2,1 MPa Working pressure: 1,1 MPa Steam temperature: 198.3 ° C Productivity: 23,3 tons / hour Weight during transportation: 5 kg Volume: 13.2 m³ Length: 6000 mm Width: 2100 mm Height: 2750 mm
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Economizer:
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Test pressure: 3,6 MPa
Design pressure: 2,4 MPa
Working pressure: 1,1 MPa
Design temperature: 221.8 ° C
Weight during transportation: 22 kg
Productivity: 1310 kW
Heating surface: 524 m²
Base perimeter: 3850 x 3000 mm
Height: 7750 mm
Water supply tank:
Test pressure: 0,3 MPa
Design pressure: 0,2 MPa
Working pressure: 0,05 MPa
Design temperature: 120 ° C
Weight during transportation: 4 kg
Volume: 20 m³
Length: 6600 mm
Width: 2300 mm
Height: 4300 mm
Oil burner:
Model: Weishaupt L9TD
Productivity: 1500 kW
Smoke extractor:
Height: 42 000 mm
Diameter: 1 500 mm
Weight: 16.3 tons